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Month: July 2017

What is the Greek word for “one’s lot in life?”

By: | Post date: 2017-07-05 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: Linguistics, Modern Greek

I vaguely recall a story which hangs on the following premise: there’s a Greek word which can either mean lot or some type of food (omelette?). This one continues to have me stumped. Both the Homeric moros and the Classical moira “fate” are derived from the word for “share”, just as “lot” in English is. […]

Is there an aorist in English grammar?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-05 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: English, Linguistics

I’d argue there is. Aorist means “indefinite”, and was intended to mean “indefinite (unmarked) as to aspect”, which the Greek Aorist tense was, contrasting with both the Imperfect and the Perfect tense. Tense naming conventions, however, are dependent on different grammatical traditions. Latin did not refer to aorists, and neither did Germanic grammars or Romance […]

If languages are best learned from immersion, how is it possible to revitalize dead languages?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-05 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: General Language, Linguistics

Through immersion. Please read Daniel Ross’ answer and Jens Stengaard Larsen’s answer, which address the bulk of this. The language you’re reviving is likely not going to be identical to the original language, as Jens points out; and that’s ok. I have a friend involved in language revival; she’s helping indigenous Australians reclaim their languages, […]

Why was Heracles named after Hera, when his real mother was Alcmene?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: Ancient Greek, Culture

The in-universe explanation (to treat Greek mythology like fantasy fiction, and that’s not that absurd really) is He was renamed Heracles [“glory of Hera”] in an unsuccessful attempt to mollify Hera. (Heracles – Wikipedia) Stepping behind the curtain, in his monograph on Greek religion (p. 322), Walter Burkert says the name might be a coincidence; […]

Why don’t most Modern English speakers rhyme “thou” with “you”?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: English, Linguistics

From OED, the dialectal survivals like Yorkshire thaa reflect unstressed variants of thou (which were short); thou is a long vowel that has gone through the Great English Vowel Shift—just as house has an /aʊ/ vowel, and is still pronounced huːs in Scots. The irregularity is you, and apparently the yow pronunciation was around in […]

Why are there so few forests on Crete island?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: History, Modern Greek

The forests of Crete were renowned, and were going strong even in Venetian times: Cretan Renaissance literature abounds with pastoral scenes, and tales of deer hunting. These are the kinds of mountains I grew up seeing in Eastern Crete: They do have shrubbery. But actual trees are long gone. The first time I saw trees […]

Where does the Greek quote “βίᾳ ἤρχεσαν οἱ τριάκοντα τῶν Ἀθηναίων και τὸν δῆμον ἤδη κατελελύκεσαν” come from?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: Ancient Greek, Linguistics

The quote as given does not appear in the Ancient canon, or even the Mediaeval canon. Nor in fact does the phrase βίᾳ ἤρχεσαν “they had ruled with force”. The phrase is a little odd; it’s very much a tendentious summary of what happened in Athens with the Thirty Tyrants, which would be out of […]

Is there an upper bound to the amount of words a language will realistically contain?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: General Language, Linguistics

If a language is agglutinative, or has a halfway decent derivational morphology, you can keep making up words based on other words for as long as you like, and those words will be perfectly acceptable. So there is not much of a limit. There is a limit in how many building blocks of words (morphemes) […]

How can a taboo word show friendliness or intimacy when it is inappropriate?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-04 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: General Language, Linguistics

Appropriateness is always relative. We might like to think that there are universal norms applicable to all people and all situations. It simply does not work like that. Profanity signals intimacy, because it presupposes a level of trust that the addressee will not take offence, and it situates the interlocutors as both being rebels against […]

Will the Greek understand what the words “philistine” and “spartan” mean in the figurative context, in Greek?

By: | Post date: 2017-07-03 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: Linguistics, Modern Greek

I’m reiterating what my fellow Greeks are saying, but to be really really explicit: The metaphorical meaning of Philistine (Φιλισταίοι) to mean someone anti-intellectual is absent from Greek. The typical words would be άξεστος “uncouth”, χωριάτης “peasant”, (learnèd) άμουσος “un-Mused, alien to the muses”, (Turkish) χαϊβάνι “animal”. Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής says that άμουσος = […]